Molecular and chemical computing is an emerging paradigm that uses molecules, rather than silicon, to process, store, and transmit information. As traditional electronic computing approaches the physical limits of miniaturization (Moore's law) and struggles with high energy consumption, molecular logic offers a highly efficient, nanoscale alternative.

How It Works At the core of this technology are molecular logic gates. Just as electronic logic gates use electrical currents to perform Boolean operations (AND, OR, NOT), molecular gates use physical or chemical inputs—such as specific ions, pH changes, enzymes, or light—to trigger a response. The output is typically a detectable physical or chemical change, most commonly a fluorescent light emission or a structural shift. For example, a molecular "AND" gate might be engineered to emit fluore ...