Charles III, historically known as Charles the Simple, was a member of the Carolingian dynasty who reigned as the King of West Francia and Lotharingia during the late ninth and early tenth centuries. His tenure was defined by the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte, a pivotal agreement that granted land to the Viking leader Rollo and established the foundations of Normandy. Despite his successes in expanding his territory into Lotharingia, Charles faced intense internal opposition from Frankish nobles who grew resentful of his favouritism toward an advisor named Hagano. This unrest culminated in a violent rebellion led by Robert of Neustria, leading to the king's