Most people feel a tension between their own desires and the needs of others. Ethical egoism challenges this by suggesting that the greatest good for the individual is the only valid moral end.

We delve into the Epicurean system, which identifies ataraxia—or peace of mind—as the ultimate goal. This is a calculated approach to removing bodily pain and mental disturbances, such as the fear of death, to achieve a state of passive tranquility.

• Distinguishing between the factual claim of psychological egoism and the moral prescription of self-interest.
• Understanding pleasure and pain as the primary starting points for every human choice and avoidance.
• Prioritizing static tranquility over active indulgence to reach a state of lasting peace.
• Reevaluating traditional virtues as necessary tools for securing a life  ...