In this episode of IM Basics, Dr. Eric and Dr. Tark continue their shock series with a practical discussion of hypovolemic and hemorrhagic shock, focusing on bedside recognition, diagnostic strategies, and early management.

The episode begins with a review of shock pathophysiology, emphasizing reduced preload as the primary driver of both conditions. Loss of intravascular volume leads to decreased cardiac output and impaired end-organ perfusion, triggering a compensatory sympathetic response with vasoconstriction, tachycardia, and narrow pulse pressures.

The hosts highlight that hypotension is often a late finding. Earlier signs include tachycardia, cool extremities, delayed capillary refill, and altered mental status. The shock index (heart rate divided by s ...