National Institute of Standards and Technology Interagency Report 8312, Four Principles of Explainable Artificial Intelligence, defines foundational guidance for designing AI systems that can be understood and trusted by users. The report outlines four core principles: AI systems should provide explanations for their outputs; those explanations should be meaningful and understandable to the intended audience; the explanations should accurately reflect how the system produced its results; and the system should operate only within the conditions for which it was designed and validated (knowledge limits). NISTIR 8312 emphasizes that explainability is context-dependent—what counts as a sufficient explanation varies across domains such as healthcare, finance, or criminal justice. Rather than prescribing a single technical method, the report p ...