This biography covers the life of Sukarno, the revolutionary leader who became the first president of Indonesia. The text details his nationalist activism and education, leading to his pivotal role in securing independence from Dutch colonial rule following World War II. It explores his transition from a democratic leader to the architect of "Guided Democracy," an authoritarian system designed to unify the diverse nation. The sources also examine his aggressive foreign policy, specifically his leadership in the Non-Aligned Movement and his eventual shift toward the communist bloc. Finally, the material documents his downfall following the 1965 coup attempt, his replacement by Suharto, and his las ...